Heavy Metals in Commonly Consumed Root and Leafy Vegetables in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, and Assessment of Associated Public Health Risks

Abstract Background Excess accumulation of heavy metals in frequently consumed food (e.g., vegetables, fruits) is a serious threat to human health. The concentration four root vegetables and five leafy collected from the Kawran Bazar fresh vegetable market Dhaka, Bangladesh, were analyzed. Average daily intake (ADI), hazard quotient (HQ), index (HI) also estimated assess health risks posed by consumption studied vegetables. Apparent differences present different observed. Results presence degree contamination was assessed for chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn). Concentrations Cr, Cd, Ni, Cu exceeded maximum permissible limit (MPL) some Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe higher most ADI found be lower than permitted tolerable cases except Cr (0.202 mg/person day) (19.681 turnip mint, respectively. Hazard (1.121) Zn spinach (1.104), as well indices (1.541), mustard (1.663), (2.113), coriander (1.925), mint (2.834), unit value, signifying potential dietary Conclusions Higher concentrations compared Hence, has This study suggests that regular monitoring essential prevent associated with consuming metal contaminated